17 Reference: Book or eBook

Step 1: Find the 4 Ws

The 4 Ws for the book 

Step 2: Arrange the 4 Ws in the correct order and with the correct formatting.

The citation for the book: 

The example above is an eBook accessed through a library database with no DOI.

• Author: is the book’s individual author.
  • As always, use only initials for all given names.
• Date: the copyright date of the book, found on the copyright page (©2023).
  • This is the guideline for all books and eBooks. The release date of a book is not used.
• Title: is in sentence-case and italics as it is a stand alone work
  • If a title has a subtitle, it is separated by a colon (:) with the first word of the subtitle in upper-case.
• Source location: is the book’s publisher (and for ebooks also the DOI or URL if available)
  • If the ebook is in a library database and has no DOI, treat the ebook like a print book and finish the citation with the book publisher