50 Integrating Graphics

Supporting graphics can enhance reader understanding even when your writing is clear and concise. Tables, illustrations, maps, photographs, charts, and other visuals can help clarify complex information, highlight key points, and improve overall readability.

Before incorporating graphics into your report, consider their purpose and type. Graphics typically fall into one of the following categories:

• Objects: Diagrams, drawings, schematics, and photographs are useful for depicting objects. For example, a diagram might illustrate a fuel-injection system, or a series of images may show how to graft a fruit tree.

• Numbers: Tables and charts are ideal for presenting numerical data. Bar charts, pie charts, or line graphs could represent housing cost trends in Vancouver over time.

• Concepts: Conceptual graphics, such as organizational charts, show relationships and hierarchies among people or departments within an organization.

• Words: Important definitions or examples can be highlighted using text boxes, shading, or other formatting elements to make them stand out.

Citing Graphics

Any graphics created by someone else or based on another source’s data must be properly cited. Like with written content, provide an in-text citation in the figure title and include full reference details in the reference list. Watch the video below for instructions on how to properly references images and figures.

Video 7.2: Referencing Images and Figures | Running Time: 4:01

^{How To Reference Images & Figures Using APA 7th Edition | Published by Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology Library | Nov 15, 2023}

Guidelines for Using Graphics

Keep the following guidelines in mind when incorporating graphics into your report:

• Use graphics only when they are relevant and enhance the reader’s understanding.

• Choose graphics appropriate for your audience, subject, and purpose.

• Place graphics near the relevant text and avoid grouping them all at the end of the document.

• Introduce each graphic with a lead-in statement that prepares readers for what they will see.

• Include a lead-out statement if needed to tie the graphic back to the discussion.

• Use clear titles and labels, including axes, legends, and keys as needed.

• Avoid overwhelming readers with large or overly complex graphics.

• Ensure graphics fit within standard margins and leave two blank lines above and below each graphic.

Create your own visuals using programs such as Microsoft Word or Excel whenever possible. Always include a clear citation and source in the caption if using external images or data.

Activity 7.2 summarizes uses and audience benefits for the most frequently employed types of graphics.