In the name of all mighty Allah (ﷲ)

The Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful

To my parents, family, and friends

(Dr. Abdul Raouf)

First Published in 2024 by Saskatchewan Polytechnic

Copyright © Saskatchewan Polytechnic, 2024

DOI:

eISBN:

Please cite as: Raouf, Abdul (2024) An Introduction to GIS. Saskatchewan Polytechnic, DOI:

Cover image photo attribution, if needed.

This book is copyright Open access published under the

CC BY licence.

Saskatchewan Polytechnic, 2025